首先要了解AES加密是什么,以及几种加密模式的区别。之后才是编程。具体的编程案例,在下面的链接。
openssl之aes加密(AES_cbc_encrypt 与 AES_encrypt 的编程案例)
下面这个链接有详细图解。
http://fossies.org/dox/openssl-1.0.1f/index.html
(详细源码)
http://www.cnblogs.com/adylee/archive/2007/09/14/893438.html
AES加密算法 - 加密模式
ECB模式
优点:
1.简单;
2.有利于并行计算;
3.误差不会被传送;
缺点:
1.不能隐藏明文的模式;
2.可能对明文进行主动攻击;
CBC模式:
优点:
1.不容易主动攻击,安全性好于ECB,适合传输长度长的报文,是SSL、IPSec的标准。
缺点:
1.不利于并行计算;
2.误差传递;
3.
需要初始化向量IV
CFB模式:
优点:
1.隐藏了明文模式;
2.分组密码转化为流模式;
3.可以及时加密传送小于分组的数据;
缺点:
1.不利于并行计算;
2.误差传送:一个明文单元损坏影响多个单元;
3.唯一的IV;
ofb模式:
优点:
1.隐藏了明文模式;
2.分组密码转化为流模式;
3.可以及时加密传送小于分组的数据;
缺点:
1.不利于并行计算;
2.对明文的主动攻击是可能的;
3.误差传送:一个明文单元损坏影响多个单元;
了解这些加密模式之后,再看openssl提供的接口就好理解了。
openssl提供的aes加密接口
以下接口来自“crypto/aes/aes.h”,有openssl源码。
//设置加密和解密器
int AES_set_encrypt_key(const unsigned char *userKey, const int bits,
AES_KEY *key);
int AES_set_decrypt_key(const unsigned char *userKey, const int bits,
AES_KEY *key);
//默认的加密解密方式,参数好理解
void AES_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
const AES_KEY *key);
void AES_decrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
const AES_KEY *key);
//下面这些也是常用的加密方式,但是参数很多,而源码对于参数使用介绍不多,只能摸索
void AES_ecb_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
const AES_KEY *key, const int enc);
void AES_cbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
size_t length, const AES_KEY *key,
unsigned char *ivec, const int enc); //参数相对复杂
void AES_cfb128_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
size_t length, const AES_KEY *key,
unsigned char *ivec, int *num, const int enc);
void AES_cfb1_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
size_t length, const AES_KEY *key,
unsigned char *ivec, int *num, const int enc);
void AES_cfb8_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
size_t length, const AES_KEY *key,
unsigned char *ivec, int *num, const int enc);
void AES_ofb128_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
size_t length, const AES_KEY *key,
unsigned char *ivec, int *num);
void AES_ctr128_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
size_t length, const AES_KEY *key,
unsigned char ivec[AES_BLOCK_SIZE],
unsigned char ecount_buf[AES_BLOCK_SIZE],
unsigned int *num);
从下面这个文件可以看出,
AES_encrypt
就是ecb加密的方式。而AES_set_encrypt_key和
AES_encrypt,它们的实现在"crypto/aes/aes_x86core.c"和
"crypto/aes/aes_core.c",也就是有两个版本,根据平台选择。看源码。
" crypto/aes/ aes_ecb.c"void AES_ecb_encrypt ( const unsigned char * in , unsigned char * out ,const AES_KEY * key , const int enc ) {assert ( in && out && key );assert (( AES_ENCRYPT == enc )||( AES_DECRYPT == enc ));if ( AES_ENCRYPT == enc )AES_encrypt ( in , out , key );elseAES_decrypt ( in , out , key );}从这里可以看出,ecb方式的加密,是由AES_encrypt接口实现的。
而cbc的加密方式在另外的地方实现了,下面给出目录以及源代码。
"crypto/aes/aes_cbc.c"void AES_cbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out, size_t len, const AES_KEY *key, unsigned char *ivec, const int enc) { if (enc) CRYPTO_cbc128_encrypt(in,out,len,key,ivec,(block128_f)AES_encrypt); else CRYPTO_cbc128_decrypt(in,out,len,key,ivec,(block128_f)AES_decrypt); }
从这里看出,cbc加密方式,调用接口CRYPTO_cbc128_decrypt,而它又将AES_encrypt作为参数传入。
"crypto/modes/ cbc128.c"void CRYPTO_cbc128_encrypt ( const unsigned char * in , unsigned char * out ,size_t len , const void * key ,unsigned char ivec [ 16 ], block128_f block ){ //这里的block就是AES_encryptsize_t n;const unsigned char *iv = ivec;assert(in && out && key && ivec);#if !defined(OPENSSL_SMALL_FOOTPRINT)if (STRICT_ALIGNMENT &&((size_t)in|(size_t)out|(size_t)ivec)%sizeof(size_t) != 0) {while (len>=16) {for(n=0; n<16; ++n)out[n] = in[n] ^ iv[n]; //输入与初始化向量进行异或,保存在out(*block)(out, out, key); //调用AES_encrypt进行加密,异或结果out作为加密输入//加密输出结果也保存在out里面,iv = out; //将前一次密文,作为后一次的初始化向量,从而完成加密len -= 16;in += 16;out += 16;}} else {while (len>=16) {for(n=0; n<16; n+=sizeof(size_t))*(size_t*)(out+n) =*(size_t*)(in+n) ^ *(size_t*)(iv+n);(*block)(out, out, key);iv = out;len -= 16;in += 16;out += 16;}}#endifwhile (len) {for(n=0; n<16 && n<len; ++n)out[n] = in[n] ^ iv[n]; //in和iv异或for(; n<16; ++n) //如果in长度不是16的整数倍out[n] = iv[n]; //最后的out直接用iv初始化,其实也就相当于out与0进行异或(*block)(out, out, key);iv = out;if (len<=16) break; //加密结束len -= 16;in += 16;out += 16;}memcpy(ivec,iv,16);}//从上面的源码可以看出,cbc本质上和ecb差别不大,唯一区别是将前一次加密结果,与要加密的内容异或。因此,cbc的并行性较差,因为每次都要等待前一次的结果,而ecb则不用,速度较快。其主要区别仍然看文章开头,原理图看参考链接。
调用实例:
int aes_encrypt(char* in, char* key, char* out)//, int olen)
{
if(!in || !key || !out) return 0;
AES_KEY aes;
if(AES_set_encrypt_key((unsigned char*)key, 128, &aes) < 0)
{
return 0;
}
int len=strlen(in)/<span style="font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53;">AES_BLOCK_SIZE*</span><span style="font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53;">AES_BLOCK_SIZE</span><span style="font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53;">, en_len=0;</span><span style="font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53;">
</span> while(en_len<len)//输入输出字符串够长,并且是AES_BLOCK_SIZE的整数倍,需要严格限制
{
AES_encrypt((unsigned char*)in, (unsigned char*)out, &aes);
in+=AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
out+=AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
en_len+=AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
}
return 1;
}
int aes_decrypt(char* in, char* key, char* out)
{
if(!in || !key || !out) return 0;
AES_KEY aes;
if(AES_set_decrypt_key((unsigned char*)key, 128, &aes) < 0)
{
return 0;
}
int len=strlen(in), en_len=0;
while(en_len<len)
{
AES_decrypt((unsigned char*)in, (unsigned char*)out, &aes);
in+=AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
out+=AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
en_len+=AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
}
return 1;
}
最近遇到一个坑,
AES_encrypt <pre code_snippet_id="232583" snippet_file_name="blog_20140312_1_226454" name="code" class="cpp" style="color: rgb(55, 42, 24); font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;">AES_decrypt
就是这两个函数让我折腾了四五天,心力憔悴,几近崩溃,也许是走火入魔了,因为遇到了挑战,非要干掉它,而不是绕过!
int aes_encrypt(char* in, char* key, char* out)//, int olen)
{
if(!in || !key || !out) return 0;
AES_KEY aes;
if(AES_set_encrypt_key((unsigned char*)key, 128, &aes) < 0)
{
return 0;
}
<pre code_snippet_id="232583" snippet_file_name="blog_20140312_1_226454" name="code" class="cpp" style="color: rgb(55, 42, 24); font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px;"> int len=strlen(in)/<span style="font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53;">AES_BLOCK_SIZE*</span><span style="font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53;">AES_BLOCK_SIZE</span><span style="font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53;">, en_len=0;</span>
char *lptmp = new char[len+1];
memset(lptmp, '\0', len+1);
while(en_len<len)//输入输出字符串够长,并且是AES_BLOCK_SIZE的整数倍,需要严格限制
{
AES_encrypt((unsigned char*)in, (unsigned char*)lptmp, &aes);
in+=AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
<span style="font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53;">lptmp</span><span style="font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB W3', 'Hiragino Sans GB', Arial, Helvetica, simsun, u5b8bu4f53;">+=AES_BLOCK_SIZE;</span>
en_len+=AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
<span style="color:#372a18;"> //hex(lptmp) </span><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">那么就发现第一个数据块加密的结果是对的,后面就错误了,加密后的数据很多是0,查了openssl的</span></strong>
<strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"> //源代码这个aes这块的加解密是线程安全的,有谁知道原因?</span></strong>
}
if(lptmp)
{
delete []lptmp;
lptmp = NULL;
}
return 1;
}
最后给出一个链接,利用openssl的AES接口进行编程。
参考资料: